Assgn - 2175 Words

Assignment 1: Using the WEKA Workbench A. Become familiar with the use of the WEKA workbench to invoke several different machine learning schemes. Use latest stable version. Use both the graphical interface (Explorer) and command line interface (CLI). See Weka home page for Weka documentation. B. Use the following learning schemes, with the default settings to analyze the weather data (in weather.arff). For test options, first choose Use training set, then choose Percentage Split using default 66% percentage split. Report model percent error rate. ZeroR (majority class) OneR Naive Bayes Simple J4.8 C. Which of these classifiers are you more likely to trust when determining whether to play? Why? D. What can you say about†¦show more content†¦1,2,..38) and an Affymetix call (P is gene is present, A if absent, M if marginal). Think of the training data as a very tall and narrow table with 7130 rows and 78 columns. Note that it is sideways from machine learning point of view. That is the attributes (genes) are in rows, and observations (samples) are in columns. This is the standard format for microarray data, but to use with machine learning algorithms like WEKA, we will need to do matrix transpose (flip) the matrix to make files with genes in columns and samples in rows. We will do that in step 3B.6 of this assignment. Here is a small extract Gene Description Gene Accession Number 1 call 2 call ... GB DEF = GABAa receptor alpha-3 subunit A28102_at 151 A 263 P ... ... AB000114_at 72 A 21 A ... ... AB000115_at 281 A 250 P ... ... AB000220_at 36 A 43 A ... 3B: Clean the data Perform the following cleaning steps on both the train and test sets. Use unix tools, scripts or other tools for each task. Document all the steps and create intermediate files for each step. After each step, report the number of fields and records in train and test files. (Hint: Use unix command wc to find the number of records and use awk or gawk to find the number of fields). Microarray Data Cleaning Steps 1. Remove the initial records with Gene Description containing control. (Those are Affymetrix controls, not human genes). Call the resulting files ALL_AML_grow.train.noaffy.tmp andShow MoreRelatedBUS210 Assgn 1 Essay2094 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Tiffany Simpson April 13, 2015 BUS 210 Assignment 1 Case Study 1 2 Instructor Divya Kashyap t.simpson3@students.clark.edu Case 1 Amazon.com 1: Toys R Us sales exceeded $300 Million by 2004 on the Amazon.com site. In about 200 words explain how Amazon, Toys R Us, and other toy sellers who participated in Amazons Marketplace retailer program benefited from the network effect as a result of the relationship between Amazon and Toys R Us. Toys R Us and other toy sellers who participatedRead Morelegally astute manager leg100 assgn 11660 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ In my opinion any marketing manager who is not utilizing social media as a marketing tool is failing to utilize an extremely cost effective means of reaching their target market. There are a wide array of sites that an shrewd manager can utilize to market their products, sites such as Facebook, Yahoo, Google, Bing, My space, YouTube and many others. I believe that the site that the marketing manager chooses would depend on the type of customer that they are attempting to target. Actually

To what extent can Lady Macbeth be seen as a female gothic protagonist at the start of the play Free Essays

At first meeting, Lady Macbeth appears to us as a ruthless predator, an emancipated woman driven by an all-consuming passion and displaying perfectly, the antithesis of womanhood. She has, it seems, acquired all the necessary requirements to fill the role of a female gothic protagonist. Whether or not she utilises these factors to the full extent and can really be called the protagonist will be discussed in further detail. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent can Lady Macbeth be seen as a female gothic protagonist at the start of the play? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her character is not unveiled until Act I Scene V where, with the use of three speeches, she exposes the workings of her mind and lay it out for the audience. Her second speech displays perfectly the idea of Lady Macbeth as a ruthless predator. She calls on the supernatural to ‘unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty!’ She asks them to ‘Stop up the access and passage to remorse’ and to ‘make thick’ her blood. Here she displays a woman incapable of any feelings of love or amity, but it is important to think of her before she makes this request. If it is necessary for her to ask for the remittal of her remorse, then she must have had the ability to feel such feelings beforehand. We are given no background information on this woman and it is therefore difficult to say if she was always like this or whether it was Macbeth’s letter that changed her; this appeal she makes is one of few insights into her p ossible mind-set as Lady Macbeth before the play. Her status as a woman who displays the antithesis of womanhood can hardly be doubted, but Lady Macbeth would not have publicised these feelings. We know this from her relation with Duncan who refers to her as ‘our honoured hostess.’ The King of Scotland would hardly encourage a woman to act the way Lady Macbeth does on the audience’s initial meeting with her. Indeed, Lady Macbeth is a woman changed entirely when in the presence of people of such high status. She appears to be a domesticated woman, one happy to be at home while her husband goes out to war to serve as a loyal citizen. And yet, we know otherwise. In her second speech, she refers to her home as ‘my battlements.’ This presumption of hers, this idea that she should own her home and not her husband would have been a farcical one. The most menacing speeches uttered by Lady Macbeth occur not just when she summons iniquity, but when she does so with a language that refutes and distorts her maternal nature. In her second speech, she speaks to these ‘spirits’ and asks that they ‘come to my woman’s breasts, And take my milk for gall†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This line turns this universally natural feature of womanhood into something dark and troubling. Adding to this, the suggestion of changing a mother’s milk, what she feeds her children on, to poison, is a disgusting one. Further on in the play, Shakespeare manipulates this perversion of motherhood again when Lady Macbeth conveys a fantasy of infanticide: ‘I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have pluck’d my nipple from his boneless gums, And dash’d the brains out†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This horrific image is so against the searing love a mother feels for her child, that it is impossible for the reader to accept that Lady Macbeth fully comprehends firstly, what she is saying and secondly, that maternal love despite her previous statement of ‘I know how tender ‘tis to love the babe that milks me†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ However, Shakespeare has allowed the reader room for doubt. While we are certain that Lady Macbeth is a woman depraved of all the typical qualities of a homemaker, we do see a potential insight into the Macbeth’s sexual relations and Lady Macbeth’s ‘duty’ as a wife. Here, it appears she abides but it does become apparent that it is her who leads the way. Our insight into this idea is in her first speech where she talks of ‘pour[ing] my spirits in thine ear; And chastis[ing] with the valour of my tongue.’ The suggestion here that Lady Macbeth can impress things on her husband through the use of sex, would have been a shocking one. So while these sexual insinuations suggest the ‘wife’ side of Lady Macbeth, the knowledge that she can manipulate him as such, is once again the perfect display of the antithesis of womanhood. The gothic impact of Lady Macbeth’s indiscretion has less to do with her demonic entreaties, but rather more so with the reversals of her female nature, which show how willing she is to contemplate and fulfil her ambition for power. While certain aspects of her speech allow the reader to imagine her, for a second, as a woman happy to live and serve as a reclaimed wife, her ability to twist and distort words and ideas disallow the audience to hold these thoughts for long. This amalgamation of supernatural desires and her willingness to abandon her sex create, for the reader, a potent force of evil and the perfect female, gothic protagonist. disparagingly of her husband’s ‘human kindness’ but she summons demonic powers with her invocation: ‘Come, you spirits, / That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, / And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full / Of direst cruelty’ (1.5.38-41). She continues in similar vein: ‘Come to my woman’s breasts, / And take my milk for gall’ (1.5.45-46). Her communing with the forces of darkness is expressed in terms that seek to remove the ‘compunctious visitings’ of her female nature. Later, in one of the play’s most disturbing images, Lady Macbeth expresses a fantasy of infanticide: I have given suck, and know How tender ‘tis to love the babe that milks me. I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have pluck’d my nipple from his boneless gums And dashed the brains out However, when it comes to her manipulation of Macbeth, she adopts the powerful weapon of sexual taunting: Art thou afeard To be the same in thine own act and valour As thou art in desire? When you durst do it, then you were a man. Lady Macbeth’s evil allows her at one and the same time to deny her maternal nature and to control her husband by invoking her sexuality. It is this capacity to distort her female identity to gain her political ends that makes Lady Macbeth at once a potent force for evil and a transgressive figure of the female gothic. How to cite To what extent can Lady Macbeth be seen as a female gothic protagonist at the start of the play?, Papers

Work Policy and Procedure for Sustainability

Questions: 1) What impact did the previous generations use of industrialised agricultural practices have on this property? 2) What steps did Michael take to understand the issues and address them? 3) What do you think are the benefits of the program that Michael introduced? Answers: Q1:Land is used continuously and not given proper rest. Crops are not rotated in a way that replenishes the soil. Manure and chemical fertilizers are used to feed the soil, but through over-application these additives become a problem (Mineau Whiteside, 2013). Factory farms concentrate an unnatural number of animals in one place, which creates an unmanageable amount of waste. The creation and disposal of such enormous quantities of waste has a devastating effect on the air, water and soil surrounding factory farms (Nelson et al., 2014). Unlike human waste, livestock manure is not processed for sanitation. On factory farms it is commonly mixed with water and held in pits (called lagoons), and then spread or sprayed on cropland. Manure carries with it other substances that are used on industrial farms. These includeantibioticsand artificialgrowth hormones which contaminate waterways and affect the plants and animals that live in them (Conway Prett, 2013). Salt, a common component of manure from industrial dairies can damage soil quality and contributes to erosion (Ponisio et al., 2015). Factory farms emit harmful gases and particles such as methane and hydrogen sulfide, which can contribute to global warming and harm the health of those living or working nearby.Air pollutionoccurs due to the overuse of machinery, the mismanagement of manure, and the irresponsible feeding practices that characterize industrial farming (Zhao et al., 2013). Chemical fertilizers and pesticides have turned agriculture into a leading source ofwater pollutionin the United States. Runoff from factory farms kills fish, degrades aquatic habitats and threatens drinking water supplies. Additionally, factory farms use tremendous amounts of water, which cuts into our precious supplies of water that are not contaminated (Clay, 2013). Q2: Michael changed from conventional farming, that could stand on the top of the wind erosion. To stop the recharge from the area he started collecting water down the hill and use it for the growth, different types of seedlings are being planted to enhance the biodiversity. Other steps taken were: Ecological Footprint measures the amount of biologically productive land and water area an individual, a city, a country, a region, or all of humanity uses to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb the waste it generates with todays technology and resource management practices. This demand on the biosphere can be compared to biocapacity, a measure of the amount of biologically productive land and water available for human use. Biologically productive land includes areas such as cropland, forest, and fishing grounds, and excludes deserts, glaciers, and the open ocean (Herva Roca, 2013). Green Purchasing refers to the procurement of products and services that have a reduced effect on human health and the environment when compared with competing products or services that serve the same purpose (Dubey et al., 2013). This comparison can consider raw materials acquisition, production, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, reuse, operation, maintenance, and disposal of the product or service. Green purchasing is also known as environmentally preferred purchasing (EPP), environmentally responsible purchasing, green procurement, affirmative procurement, eco-procurement, and environmentally responsible purchasing (Ji et al., 2015). Life-cycle assessment(LCA, also known aslife-cycle analysis,ecobalance, andcradle-to-graveanalysis)[1]is a technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from cradle to grave (i.e., from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling (Kulak et al., 2013). Land use and management practices do not only have impacts on the land unit itself and the direct land users but also on close or distant neighbours and ecosystems. Impacts include effects on land productivity, on runoff, soil erosion and sedimentation, movements of nutrients and chemicals, contamination by wastes, atmospheric deposits through burning and wind blow, as well as wider effects of floods, drought, landslides and climate change (Buckley Carney, 2013). An improved approach must ensure: - development of policies which will result in the best use and sustainable management of land - improvement and strengthening of planning, management, monitoring and evaluation systems - strengthening of institutions and coordinating mechanisms - creation of mechanisms to facilitate the active involvement and participation of communities and people at local level (Morugn-Coronado et al., 2014, May). Q3: Planting sandalwood on his poor soils is stabilising a wind erosion ,water collected by Michael is used for the trees that are recharged away. By putting down 25 species of different types of seedlings and mix of local seedlings has made the wild life coming out and birds are again seen. He is achieving great growth rates for his bio diverse sandalwood plantation in a paddock that was not achieving a return from conventional agriculture. BENEFITS OF PROGRAMS: LCAs can help avoid a narrow outlook on environmental concerns by: Compiling an inventory of relevant energy and material inputs and environmental releases; Evaluating the potential impacts associated with identified inputs and releases; Interpreting the results to help make a more informed decision (Bessou et al., 2013). Green purchasing helps conserve natural resources, minimize pollution, reduce water and energy use, avoid environmental health hazards on our campus and within our community, divert material from the landfill (Grimmer Woolley, 2014).Improve the availability and use of environmentally preferable product, encourage Suppliers to reduce their environmental impact and to send that message up their supply chain, support locally produced goods and services, educate and inform ourselves, campus requestors and end users, and suppliers of the best environmentally responsible purchasing choices (Juwaheer et al., 2012). Reference Badgery-Parker, J. (2015).Keep it CLEAN: Reducing costs and losses in the management of pests and diseases in the greenhouse. NSW Agriculture.Albarran, S., Albarran, D., Alejo, J., Barajas, I., Bascou, R. L., Castillo, D. J., ... Machuca, R. (2015).U.S. Patent No. 9,072,225. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Bessou, C., Basset-Mens, C., Tran, T., Benoist, A. (2013). LCA applied to perennial cropping systems: a review focused on the farm stage.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,18(2), 340-361. Bezemer, J., Janse, J. (2014). New greenhouse concepts: Good for energy bill, now initiate sector: Looking for ways to reduce cost price (interview with Jan Janse).In Greenhouses: the international magazine for greenhouse growers,3(2), 46-47. Bowman, D. M., Ludlow, K. (2013). Assessing the impact of a'for government'review on the nanotechnology regulatory landscape. Buckley, C., Carney, P. (2013). The potential to reduce the risk of diffuse pollution from agriculture while improving economic performance at farm level.Environmental Science Policy,25, 118-126. Buonassisi, A. J., Sabaratnam, S., Woodske, D., Bitterlich, I. (2013). Biosecurity Guidelines for Post-harvest Greenhouse Tomatoes: Prevention of Post-harvest and Storage Rot. Byrnes, L., Brown, C., Foster, J., Wagner, L. D. (2013). Australian renewable energy policy: Barriers and challenges.Renewable Energy,60, 711-721. Carew-Reid, J., Prescott-Allen, R., Bass, S., Dalal-Clayton, B. (2013).Strategies for national sustainable development: a handbook for their planning and implementation. Routledge.

Progressivism Jazz and American History Midterm free essay sample

Drawing support from the urban, college- educated middle class, Progressive reformers sought to eliminate corruption in government, regulate business practices, address health hazards, improve working notations, and give the public more direct control over government through direct primaries to nominate candidates for public office, direct election of Senators, the initiative, referendum, and recall, and womens suffrage In this paper plan to discuss how the 1 asss were a time when Americans attempted to repudiate progressivism and recapture the political, cultural and social values of the nineteenth century. To begin, in the sasss political values focused on immigration and prohibition. After World War 1 the u. S allowed fewer than 200, 000 immigrants to enter the country annually which was a huge change from a nation that admitted over 1 million Immigrants a year. This time period was called The First Red Scare, a time In which the Justice department arrested and departed alien anarchist and Communist suspected of trying to destroy American democracy and capitalism this lead to the congress passing the 1 921 Emergency Immigration Act. We will write a custom essay sample on Progressivism: Jazz and American History Midterm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This Act set limits on how many European immigrant could enter the country a year and how many could come from each European nation. About three years later congress made these limits permanent in the 1924 Immigration Act. A law that allowed unrestricted immigration from Western Hemisphere, curtailed all Asian immigration, and used quotas to control how many Immigrants emigrated from Individual European nations. Meanwhile prohibition was In effect. In 1919 the Eighteenth Amendment had been ratified this was a constitutional amendment that banned the sale, manufacturing, transportation of intoxicating liquors.Along with this came the Violated Act. This was a law that established criminal penalty for transporting, manufacturing or possessing alcohol. These acts of prohibition gave birth to insidious crimes such as organized rimes and gave rise to a notorious Chicago gangster AH Capons. Thirteen years later these prohibition acts would be appealed by president Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Twenty-First Amendment. Even though politics seemed to have their hands full they also focuses on social and cultural issues of those days.Cultural and social values of the sasss were more so cars, music The Jazz Age and The Sex Revolution. In the early twentieth century cities were known to be dirty and smelly. Nearly 3 million ton of manure and 60,000 gallons of urine was left on the streets by horses. Cars came along and seem to change this. They offered cleanliness by providing asphalt roads for the ideal form life family by giving them a chance to go into the city, plowing was made easier and produce was shipped faster. Cars began to become a significant purchase for families in the 19th century. Another key cultural value was music. Some people like to refer to it as the Jazz Age because the widespread of appeal during the decade. In the sasss African American music and art culture was beginning to grow. Many African Americans expressed their culture through Jazz a type of music of black American origin characterized by improvisation, syncopation, ND usually a regular or forceful rhythm, emerging at the beginning of the 20th century. Also taking place was The Harlem Renaissance were black artist explored the African American culture through poetry and novels.Finally The sex revolution which was a cultural and social value. During the sasss young Americans challenged traditional beliefs of proper behavior this came to be known as modernist and anti modernist. Modernist were more so the younger Americans who believed in independence and associated themselves with the city life and had a view of every man for himself. At the same time you had anti modernist who believed in value of he community and the family life. Anti modernist associated themselves with country and or rural life which required them to be interdependent.

Dont Be Sorry Campain Essay

Dont Be Sorry Campain Essay Dont Be Sorry Campain Essay â€Å"Don’t be sorry campaign† The Australian Government The department of immigration and citizenship CONTEXT The term ‘boat people’ entered Australia in the 1970’s with the arrival of boats seeking asylum after the Vietnam war when over half of the Vietnamese population we displaced, and fled to nearby Asian countries or across the oceans to Australia. Over the next 5 years there were a total of 2059 Vietnamese boats seeking asylum and an estimate rate of 300/annum every year. There is of course a difference between a refugee, an asylum seeker and an internationally displaced person, although they are all still global concerns. These are: â€Å"A refugee is an individual, generally from African or Asian countries, that are classified as ‘temporarily protected’ on behalf of the Australian government† â€Å"An asylum seeker is an individual who seeks international protection and whose clams for a refugee status has not yet been determined† â€Å"An internally displaced person is an individual or group who have been forced to leave their homes or places of habitual recondense, in particular as a result of, or in order to avoid the effect of armed conflict, situations in general violence, violations of human rights or natural or man-mad disasters and who have not crossed international boarders† (Found on the Australian parliament house website, the socially policy section, by Janet Phillips and Harriet Spinks) The opposition of boat arrivals have increase steadily over the last 4 decades where as in the first couple of years, Australians sympathised for the ‘boat people’ but continual arrivals quickly became a matter of concern. ISSUE The issue this has caused for the Australian population is that there has been an increase in employability since the arrival of the first boat seeking asylum. Since the numbers of arriving boats grew, opposition grew with it as well as a concern for the lack of control of Australia’s boarders. It has became an issue that people were not sure who was a legitimate refugee or just an asylum seeker, with some claiming they were pirates, rich businessman, drug runners and communists. When the Howard government released the act of mandatory immigration detention centres, it had been heavily criticized as poor treatment; however the numbers of arrivals began to drop significantly. Instead, he granted all illegally entered asylums a ‘temporary protection visa’ which entitles them to free medical and welfare services. When Kevin Rudd came into parliament, he issued a ‘permanent protection visa’ to all asylums which then pushed forward a flood of more ‘boat people’ entering the country illegally. From this the Australian citizens became outraged by the handouts given to the illegally entering boats to which some believed they didn’t deserve. THE ISSUE STATED IN THIS IMAGE The issue in this image is exactly the rush of illegally entering immigrants damaging this countries boarders and therefore politely asks all possible countries who some may plan on seeking asylum into Australia, to enter the right way. It is hence shown to the viewers through the use of Visual convention; symbolic written and technical. ANALYSED Symbolic The boat: Vessel for carrying people; Vessel to a new life; Dark shadows of people on boat – the faceless but never ending stream of boat people illegally entering Australia. The cover on the boat – looks worn, so really only for appearances like the Captains in their appearance of care to secure the berth for the passengers. The rocks: The rocks are placed in the foreground to symbolically represent danger. In reality

Descriptive Essay on Nature

Descriptive Essay on Nature Descriptive Essay on Nature Nature surrounds us wherever we are and go. Even in the concrete jungle of New York City a red flower, a green tree will break the harshness of dirty grey concrete, glass and neon. In the sunset in Miami, nature gives a breathtaking display of beauty every evening painting the sky with glorious colors. Standing on the edge of the Grand Canyon on sees a breathtaking view of natures handicraft as it gouges out a canyon so big it is breathtaking. Each scenario is completely different yet each has its own splendor, no matter if it is a sunset, a desert, mountain, prairie, lake or ocean. Man has appreciated nature and still does. He is both challenged and pacified by it. Not only is nature beautiful, it is every changing through different seasons, or timelessly unchanged in it fixed elements such as its great mountain ranges. It has a wild beauty to it. There is a valley in central Africa that when you are there it seems as if you went back in time. This is the Zambezi river valley that starts in the wetlands of the Okavango swamps. The valley is 1500 miles of wilderness, totally unspoiled by mans encroachment. You see only the wildness of nature. The river flows proudly through the valley. It is a surging force as it goes thru rocky rapids, or wide and tranquil where it finds space. On its banks are mud flats and reeds, where crocodiles lie in the sun, and further away dense trees and forests of Mopani trees, interspersed with huge grey prehistoric baobab trees with branches that look like roots. In the day, the sun is a burning yellow fire, and everything wilts und er it. Even the wild life finds shade and lies down. As the evening comes the setting sun paints the sky with streaks of pink and orange, and the animals emerge. They come individually or in groups. In the water large hippopotamus frolic, not intimidated by the presence of crocodiles. Nervous buck come dancing to the river. Large tan colored kudu, as tall as a horse, with their white flashes and meter long spiral horns, smaller dark brown impala with short spiked horns, tiny brown duiker. They carefully approach; stopping to be sure, no predators are near. They dip their heads gracefully to drink. Some suddenly will jump and struggle as a crocodile grabs it and drags it under the water. Elephants come and splash around squirting water over themselves with their long trunks, or rolling in the mud, which is to them a treat. Lions eventually arrive in a pride, causing the buck to move nervously away. The dusk gives way to the sudden blackness of the night sky studded with silver stars and a huge silver moon. Soon the animals were gone; the river flows on into the night. Not far away there was a noise like thunder that sounded constantly. In the early morning, flowing the river alive and sparkling in the sun, crocodiles basking in the warmth, animals drinking while it was still cool, the river broadened and flowed in channels around green islands. Then it fell down a 100-meter chasm as a magnificent waterfall, 1708 meters wide. As the river fell down the chasm the sound was as thunder, and water spray rose high in the sky, white like the smoke of a bush fire. The bush is like a tropical forest as the spray rains down on it continually, and it is untouched by man. From here, it flows into a great lake and thence to the Indian Ocean. It is a place, and a moment in time, where one feels time warped to the beginning of time, where everything is still as it always was. Tips on writing a good descriptive essay about nature: This essay form is personal. It describes your personal experience and view. The goal is to create a vivid picture in the reader’s imagination. Brainstorm by using your power of observation and make notes. Carefully choose descriptive words that bring out a vivid picture of what you describe. Ensure you apply all your senses. The reader must be brought into the picture in his imagination. If you use words such as hot, cold, warm, dark, light, sunshine, fragrant, and the like. Describe, where you can, your emotions and feelings. Most of the readers will identify and connect with emotion. Do not lose your focus and make sure you organize your paper correctly. At service you can get a quality custom descriptive essay from professional writers. All you need is to contact our website!

Current Scale, Scope and Diversity of the Hospitality Industry Assignment

Current Scale, Scope and Diversity of the Hospitality Industry - Assignment Example The scope of the hospitality industry consists of businesses, like entertainment, food and accommodation. Under hospitality industry, a tourist is facilitated, as they are taken to theme parks, they are provided with transportation, and event planning services. The reason why hospitality industry is called a diverse industry is that they offer diverse services, for example, accommodation and entertainment are diverse fields. Moreover, the hotel industry offers diversification, because of the different types of job opportunities it creates. In a hotel industry, there are caterers working to provide food and beverages for the hotel guests. Then there is the management of the hotel, which consists of a human resource manager, operations manager, staff manager, kitchen workers, porters, bartenders and housekeepers. There are people who are responsible for managing entertainment for the guests, which can be in shape of a karaoke night, gaming arena, or a concert. Another important aspect of this diversity is the marketing manager of the hotel, which looks after attracting tourists towards their hotel and making sure that they reach a wide audience. There are different management roles in a hospitality industry, which are compulsory to run an effective hotel. The management functions of a hospitality industry include asset management, staff management, risk management, business management, logistics, financial management and statutory compliance. To train for these roles, the skills set needs to be strong and the qualifications need to be well integrated. If an employee is in business management, then he would need an MBA degree, to better understand his department; MBA is also known to be a benchmark, for management roles at a senior level. Moreover, if an employee is applying for Chief Financial Officer, then they need to have knowledge of preparing budgets for the hotel, making financial statements, managing the payroll of employees, making invoices and payments to suppliers and doing bank reconciliations, because these are the responsibilities of a CFO.  Ã‚